Peru is a country of breathtaking landscapes, ancient civilizations, and fascinating traditions. From the towering Andes to the depths of the Amazon rainforest, this South American nation is full of surprises. Whether you’re planning a trip or just curious, here are some amazing facts about Peru that will leave you in awe.

1. Machu Picchu Wasn’t Discovered Until 1911

One of the most famous archaeological sites in the world, Machu Picchu, remained hidden from outsiders until 1911 when American historian Hiram Bingham stumbled upon it. The Incan citadel, perched high in the Andes, was abandoned in the 16th century and was unknown to the Spanish conquerors.

2. Peru Has the Deepest Canyon in the World

While many people think the Grand Canyon is the deepest, Peru’s Cotahuasi Canyon is nearly twice as deep! It plunges to an astonishing depth of 3,354 meters (11,004 feet), making it the deepest canyon on Earth.

3. The Amazon River Begins in Peru

The mighty Amazon River, the largest river by volume in the world, originates in the Peruvian Andes. From there, it travels over 4,000 miles through South America before emptying into the Atlantic Ocean.

4. Peru Has Over 3,000 Varieties of Potatoes

Peru is often called the birthplace of potatoes. The country cultivates more than 3,000 types of potatoes, ranging in colors from purple and red to blue and yellow. This diverse selection makes Peru a paradise for potato lovers.

5. Lake Titicaca Is the Highest Navigable Lake in the World

Sitting at 3,812 meters (12,507 feet) above sea level, Lake Titicaca is the highest navigable lake in the world. It is home to the Uros Floating Islands, which are made entirely from totora reeds by the indigenous Uros people.

6. Peru Is Home to One of the World’s Oldest Cities

Caral, located in the Supe Valley, is considered the oldest city in the Americas, dating back over 5,000 years. This ancient civilization existed around the same time as Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultures, making it one of the earliest urban centers in human history.

7. The Mysterious Nazca Lines Can Be Seen from the Sky

The Nazca Lines, massive geoglyphs carved into the desert, are among the greatest mysteries of Peru. These figures, depicting animals, plants, and geometric shapes, can only be fully appreciated from the air. Some believe they were made for astronomical or religious purposes by the ancient Nazca civilization.

8. The Rainbow Mountain Looks Like a Painting

Vinicunca, also known as Rainbow Mountain, is one of Peru’s most spectacular natural wonders. Its colorful striped layers, caused by mineral deposits, create a surreal landscape that looks like a painting come to life.

9. Peru Has the Richest Biodiversity on Earth

With vast rainforests, mountains, deserts, and coastlines, Peru is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world. It is home to over 1,800 bird species and more than 500 mammal species, including the rare pink river dolphin and the Andean condor.

10. The World’s Highest Sand Dune Is in Peru

Cerro Blanco, the tallest sand dune in the world, is located in the Sechura Desert near Nazca. Standing at 1,176 meters (3,858 feet) high, it is a hotspot for extreme sandboarding enthusiasts.

11. Peruvians Celebrate New Year with Yellow Underwear

A quirky tradition in Peru is wearing yellow underwear on New Year’s Eve for good luck. Many people also place a coin in their shoe and eat 12 grapes at midnight, making wishes for the year ahead.

12. Cuy (Guinea Pig) Is a Traditional Delicacy

In Peru, guinea pig, or “cuy”, is not a pet but a traditional dish. Often roasted or fried, cuy has been a staple food for Andean communities for centuries and is served during special celebrations.

Conclusion

From ancient wonders to bizarre traditions, these amazing facts about Peru prove that the country is full of history, adventure, and natural beauty. Whether you’re exploring its landscapes or experiencing its culture, Peru never ceases to amaze.